Planning Cinematography - Miss Miller

Cinematography is essential within a music video as it creates diversity and interest within the video from the way you can be creative with different shots. Particular shots such as low angle and high angle ones can help display dominance or authority linked to specific characters featured in the shots. Different types of cinematography enable different emotions or ideas to be displayed which engages the audience and creates a more deeper and real relationship between them and the artist. Cinematography is important as it needs to distinguish what is going on in each scene of the video for example, if there is a narrative, the cinematography needs to help display how this develops, but also making the shots flow together well and in a way that will not cause confusion. The picture below demonstrates my group's planning for the cinematography that will be featured in our video:

Close Ups

The first shot in which I will discuss is the use of close ups that we will be including in our music video. This type of camera shot will be used in the performance parts of the music video, particularly during the stage setting. We have chosen to use this type of shot here as the artist will be singing as if she is doing a real performance and so a lot of emotion will be expressed. In order to capture this emotion as best as possible, close up shots will ensure that the focus will be solely on the artist and the emotion in which they are expressing. This type of shot also helps familiarise the artist with the audience as they are getting a more detailed view of them. Close up shots are conventional to the genre of soul because soul genre songs tend to convey a lot of emotions and are based on personal experiences of the artist. In a way to help this reflect onto the audience, the artist needs to express it in a genuine and realistic way to make the audience feel engaged and understand the feelings they are expressing. Close up shots therefore, demonstrate this through the way that the facial expressions are primarily the focus of the shot. On the other hand, they could be seen as slightly unconventional through the way they are exposing the artist when they are sometimes represented as being insecure and held back. However, because of the rawness of their music, the close ups help display the emotion and therefore, they feel like they can open up as they feel the need to try and get their emotions across in the best and most understandable way possible. The use of the close up shots will help to represent our artist as emotional and passionate from the way they can express their feelings during the performance, which will make them seem genuine and real and the audience will appreciate this. As well as this, we may use the close ups in the scenes where the artist is enjoying herself with her friends so that we can emphasise the positivity of her manner and how happy she was before she became famous. This emphasis creates by the close ups will enable a contrast to be created between how she is with her friends and how she is once she is famous and carrying out her performance. 

High Angle Shots

Another shot that we will be using as part of the cinematography in our video are high angle shots. We will use this type of shot during the piano performance style scenes which will help us reflect how 'small' the artist feels. Because of the fame she has risen into, (and in a quick space of time) the artist misses how she was when she was just an ordinary girl. By using a high angle shot on the piano scenes it makes the artist appear smaller and will make the piano be a prominent feature in the shot. This could show the piano being in more of the majority of the shot, portraying that music is taking over her life and that now that is the dominant feature in her life. As well as this, the high angle shots allow us to capture the piano in the scenes, reflecting it's importance and relevance within the scene. The use of high angle shots are conventional to the genre of soul as they display emotion and the position of the artist. For example, most of soul genre songs show the artist in the video as being depressed, sad or negative in some type of way. To reinforce this in a way that is not direct and initially noticeable, high angle shots making the artist look smaller really emphasises this idea and can put the idea across to the audience more easily by giving them a different perspective of the scene. The camera shot will represent our artist as being fragile and vulnerable which is conventional to the soul genre also. This will help to ensure that there is a link between the narrative and the performance as the artist will be shown more negatively in the performance style shots whilst happier in the narrative ones. The overall mood of the video will be fairly sombre and negative which this shot also helps display and helps represent how this has been reflected onto the artist.

Panning Shots

To widen our range of cinematography and create interest, we have chosen to also include panning shots. These shots will be carried out during the piano scenes which will help to make them flow which can mirror the performance use of the piano. The panning shot across the piano whilst the artist is playing also reflects the elegance of the instrument and further can create a link between scenes as it acts as a smooth transition. The shot allows more of the scene to be captured and so, because the setting for the piano scene is small, we can really emphasise this with the use of this shot. We can also use this shot to cut out certain parts of the setting, for example, in the music practice room where we will be filming the piano scene, there is a whiteboard on one of the walls which we don't particularly want to capture in the shots for our video. The panning shot allows us to still use movement but stop at particular places for reasons such as this one. This shot will also be used when filming the active shots of London as it will illustrate a wide viewing of the setting. The panning shot is conventional to the soul genre as I have seen it used to circle the artist in a video which creates focus on them to express the emotion they want to convey. The attention the audience pay to the artist is important as it is essential that the artist is focused on in order to create different effects. Because conventionally soul genre songs are based on personal experiences, having the artist solely focused on by panning around the artist ensures that this focus is maintained and the audience fully attend to the artist. The artist will be represented through this shot as multi-talented through the way it will portray the piano in the scene. The moving aspect of the shot will also help to represent the artist as having many talents as it helps to show an everlasting, endless nature sort of effect - especially against the pattern in which the piano keys follow.

Point Of View Shots

A further effective shot that we will be using as part of the cinematography in our music video is point of view shots. This shot helps to display the view of a particular scene through the character within's perspective. We will be using this shot on the stage as the artist walks on to carry out her performance which will allow the audience to empathise with the artist and reflect the daunting nature of her career. It also offers an alternative perspective from a literal audience's point of view as it is as if we are giving the audience the opportunity to be the artist in these shots. We will also be using the shots in the parts where the artist is in her hometown. There will be a connection created here as the audience will be able to mirror the happiness that the artist feels when she is in the 'comfort of her own home'. Point of view shots are conventional to the genre of soul as they help reinforce the personal nature of the content within the songs. Because soul genre music is based around personal experiences, by putting the audience in a position where they feel like the artist, it helps to demonstrate this personal aspect of the content. The shots will help represent the artist as being overwhelmed and emotional as well as open with her emotions from the way it is like sharing her emotion with the audience. It is also like sharing her experience with the audience as they are able to feel empathetic towards her from the perspective that is displayed for her.

Long Shots

As part of our cinematography used in our music video, we will also use long shots. They will mainly be used in the still shots of London that will be fast-paced edited because it allows the majority of the overall scene to be captured in one shot. Because a lot will be going on in the shots in London, the long shot will be able to capture these movements which will look effective when the editing has been applied. The long shots will help to show the artist's journey to where she is now and emphasise the difference between this active and busy location to her isolated, small hometown. The long shots will also be evident during the performance style stage scenes where the artist will be performing. Body language is enabled to be captured through these shots, as well as facial expressions which helps the artist's way of conveying particular emotions or moods easier. The long shots will also help reinforce the feeling that she reflects of being alone as making her central in shot on a large stage will make draw the attention to her but also highlight the lack of people surrounding her. This will help represent the artist as lonely as, due to the fact that she has become famous, she has lost the friends she once had in her hometown, when she was younger before fame had reached her. This type of shot is conventional to the soul genre as it shows the artist as feeling unhappy which is the general sombre tone that is widely expressed in soul genre music videos. The long shots also emphasise the settings in the videos which are very prominent features of all music videos, not just soul ones. However, this makes it conventional to soul genre ones because soul genre settings tend to reflect a personal meaning to the artist which makes them relatable to the audience.

The target audience are able to build a relationship with the artist through the different cinematography in which we have decided to include in our music video. This is because the way that some shots such as point of view and close ups help to display a personal impact of the artist onto the audience makes it appeal to them as they will be able to feel empathetic and understanding of the artist's situation. The emotion of the artist can be clearly expressed through the use of the close ups as they can witness facial expressions of the artist, as well as details of the features on the face or particular emotions you may not see further away, such as crying. The other uses of shots help to reinforce the narrative and performance parts of the video and also help reflect the emotions of the artist. Close ups and long shots were highly favoured when we carried out target audience research and so, by complying with the preferences of the target audience, we will ensure that they will like the shots we have chosen to include. As well as the fact that the shots overall do abide by the conventions of the soul genre so some parts they expect to see which will appeal to them. This planning has helped us ensure that our artist will appeal to the target audience as it has outlined the way in which camera shots can help display the artist in a particular light. For example, we want to make sure she is relatable and that the audience can empathise with her which can be demonstrated through points of view shots. As well as this we want to make the audience feel sympathetic towards the artist as they are more likely to appeal to her in this way and so, the long shots of the artist alone on stage will do this by emphasising her loneliness. 

Planning Setting and Iconography - Miss Miller

The setting and iconography elements are very important within a music video. Firstly, the setting is very important due to the fact that it can help display a narrative that may be occurring in  the video. If a character/the artist is changing setting this makes the video interesting for the viewer but will also have significance in doing so. This could be for a number of reasons for example, if the song changes mood or the narrative takes a turn or a twist. Changing setting is a good way to help show how something has altered within the video, as well as building a connection between the audience and the artist as the change can often be emphasised in the particular way the artist acts. As a group, we planned the setting and iconography that we will choose to use in our music video, which is displayed below:

Setting

Firstly, one of the settings we will be using is a stage - during some of the performance parts of the video. We have chosen to use this setting as it is typically conventional of the soul genre and is used to realistically show the performance of the artist. It allows the audience to feel as if the performance is more live and as if they are there to witness it. Using the stage widens the interest of our performance due to the flexibility of the setting. For example, with this setting, the lighting is easily controlled and managed to ensure that the effects we intend to create are created. This allows us to use the lighting in ways that may not be so obvious such as using backlighting to create a silhouette of the artist which adds diversity to the video. It also helps convey the typical, dark and depressing emotion found generically in soul genre music videos as the silhouette is black and reflected from the artist. In addition, it also aids to show the artist in an extraordinary light, making her seem more glamorous and impressive. In the shots taken place at this setting, the artist will be shown performing as if they would to a real audience. This will enable the setting to be used in as much a realistic way as possible, as a genuine performance would be situated on a stage with particular lighting. The stage is going to be the one in school, which means that there are going to be a few limitations to using it as a setting in the video. Firstly, due to high demand and frequent use of the main hall (where the stage is), it may be hard to book the hall at particular preferred times of filming due to the busy schedule in which it owns. Furthermore, the stage is fairly small in comparison to a real life stage where an artist may perform on tour or at a more professional occasion. Because of this, we have to ensure that we only get in shot the parts of the stage that will look professional, ensuring that any aspects that may hint that this scene is in fact filmed in a school are avoided from being captured. The health and safety risks are generally fairly minimal for this setting, however because of the height of the stage, there is a possible chance of someone whether that be the artist or crew member of falling off, which could escalate in reference to injury. To prevent this from occurring, we will make sure to be extra careful, especially if anyone is to stand near the edge of the stage, but we will try to ensure that all of the footage is filmed at a reasonable and sensible distance from the edge. This setting is situated inside a building and so weather will not cause any disruption to our planning of using this setting. It means that whatever the weather happens to be like on the day we decide to film, it won't affect our setting that we wish to film in. 

The next setting is going to be in a school music practice room, however, this is not what the video is going to display. We want to transform the room so that it doesn't look like a music practice room as this would seem unprofessional. We would like to use a black drape/sheet to enable the room to have more of a sombre tone which is conventional to the genre of soul. In this room, various shots of the artist playing the piano  are going to be illustrated. It is going to show how the artist is just a normal girl who is just like a general audience member. We chose this location because the piano fits in the room nicely, also allowing enough room for us to carry out the shots we want. The size of the room is fairly small which will help us reflect how the artist feels enclosed in their emotions and that their past is closing in on them. The room being small also helps us to transform the room more easily as there is less of the room in which we will need to cover up. We want to show the room as being in an unknown setting rather than a school due to the way we want to prevent it from being shown as amateurish. Because of the smallness of the room size, this could prove difficult in creating the ideal shots that we want, however, we can still capture most of the shots we ideally want to use, by working around the piano and working with the space that we do have. Furthermore, the lighting in the room is uneven, making most of the light in the room coming from natural light through the window. The actual light that is in the room isn't that bright which makes the window enter the most key light into the room. There is no blind/curtain on the window to prevent this, however, it is possible to put something across it if we do choose to block out some of the light as there is a window sill ledge that will allow us to do this. There are limited health and safety risks in this setting as it is a small room with minimal props inside, however there could be a couple of risks. For example, the stool/chairs or piano may be tripped over and so, we will ensure that when the artist isn't at the piano at a certain point whilst looking back at footage or something similar, we will make sure to tuck the stool under the piano so that the possibility of someone tripping over it is prevented. Another possible health and safety risk could be that the way there is an exposed radiator in the room, during the time of filming being in the Autumn/Winter time, the temperatures will be low and so the radiator may automatically be turned on. The hot radiator could go unnoticed whilst filming and if someone is trying to capture a particular shot, they may move into position and unintentionally touch the radiator which could cause them to burn themselves. To prevent this from occurring, we will ensure that the radiator is switched off for this part of filming and if people become cold we will each bring coats to resolve this possible problem. The weather could only affect filming in reference to the lighting. If the weather is anything but sunny, this is fine because it will generally reflect even lighting in the room. However, if the weather is sunny, the light could reflect in the room unevenly, possibly making the shots seem unprofessional. The sunlight could also get into the artist's eyes, which could mean that they are distracted and the intended emotion is not transferred into the shots. To resolve this, we will place the black drape in-front of the window or film on a different day when the weather is different.

The next setting we have chosen to use for our music video is London. The general meaning and reference to the song is London when Adele is talking about her hometown, however, we want to display it in a way where the artist builds her way up to. This means having her hometown in a smaller more 'outskirty' sort of village which would generally emphasise the fact she is just a normal girl. London is the capital of England and known very much worldwide for its success and talent that disperses from it. Most impressive venues and studios are situated here and so having an artist seem as if they are performing in London illustrates success and graft. In the setting, shots of active, fast-paced edited London streets such as oxford street will be filmed to layer over the top of other shots in the music video - one of these shots will be the piano scenes. Having these two scenes overlap will emphasise the success of the artist from the contrast between the two settings. Using them in a fast-paced edited way will also reinforce the quickness of the artist's rise to fame, that we intend to show. We will also generally use the shots to layer over other shots on certain parts of the song, for example, the second verse. Goodwin's theory is also linked here as during the second verse, the song literally remarks about the 'city'. This use of setting will allow the audience to familiarise with it as they would have most likely been to or around the setting before and know the type of environment it is. It will also show the hard work and dedication the artist would have paid in order to reach such success as performing in the capital. There may be some limitations to this setting however. For example, because London is a busy, public place, there is a high chance that there will be people waving at the camera or walking too close to the camera. Though, due to the fast-paced nature that the shots will be edited to, this should eliminate the waves and not make them noticeable in the video. As well as this, we will need to ensure we can find positions where it is not in the way of people and that we can stay there for some time due to the length we need for the shots - which could prove difficult as it is very busy in London, but we will make sure we find a location. There are many health and safety risks in this location because of the high number of public that will be present in the shot. People could trip on the tripod, unknowing that it is present, which could cause them to fall over. To stop this from happening, we will make sure to place our camera in a place where it is not as busy and try to warn members of the public that the tripod is there as they walk past. The audio of the shots will not be used and so, by doing this, it will not affect the shots we take. As well as this, members of the public could knock the camera accidentally. This could escalate into the camera falling over and possibly breaking. To prevent this, we will ensure to hold the camera tripod as still as possible and make sure another person is on guard to catch the tripod before it hits the ground if this does occur. Because of the high frequency of people, this means there will also be a variety of different people - including thieves. The camera in which we will be using are expensive and also not property of ours, but the schools, so it is in our best interest to ensure that it is left in the condition in which we were given it. To ensure that the camera isn't stolen, we will make sure that we will surround the camera whilst it is filming and when the camera isn't filming, we will either carry the camera in a disguised bag or put it around our neck. This means that people will not suspect the camera is even in the bag and if someone tries to attempt to steal the camera from around someone's neck, this will prove difficult as the person will be in a position to restrict them from doing it. The weather may affect our filming as we wouldn't want the camera to get wet, however, if it does rain, we would ensure that the camera is covered by shelter and we would still manage to get the shots we want. Ideally, dry weather would be best, so before filming, we will check the weather forecast to ensure us of getting the most preferred shots as possible.    

The setting that will be used to represent the artist's hometown is Theydon Bois. This is a small village that will show the artist coming from 'nowhere' building her way up to performing in London. This setting was chosen because it reinforces the fact that the artist is just an ordinary person, and that of someone the audience can relate to. The setting is also easily accessible for all of our group members, which will make it easier for filming as we won't be wasting time trying to get to/find places where we need to be. Theydon Bois has many aspects of it in which we are able to film shots of the artist and her friends before she became famous. For example, there is a playground which we can film in and can be used to reflect innocence and youth within the artist and her friends. When filming in the playground, we will ensure that no other children will be captured in our shots due to the lack of permission in which we will have. However, we will try and film at a time in the day where the playground will be in least use to prevent this. We will use other locations within this setting such as 'the green'. This is an open space of grass in the middle of the village which features housing around the edge and a pond within it. With this particular location in the setting, we are able to capture long shots and more wider shots which will create interest within our video. It also allows different angles of the friends to be captured which could help to portray different effects and emotions within the scenes. There isn't many limitations for this setting. The only one that is evident is the lack of having what a city has - lots of different types of buildings and activities such as a cinema, shopping centre, etc. However, we wanted to have the artist's hometown being somewhere small, in a village where it makes the artist seem as if she came from a very much in contrast location in comparison to London. There isn't many health and safety risks in this setting. In the playground, there is a risk that a character could swing too high on the swings or fall off an apparatus. In order to prevent this we will ensure that they do not swing too high and not go on any apparatus that would be too high. There are also no streetlights in Theydon Bois, so if we are out late filming, it may be a risk getting back home due to lack of light. To prevent this we will use a torch, however, ideally we will film our shots during the day. As well as this, if the weather is raining, 'the green' being on grass may become wet, muddy and consequently, slippery. This could cause someone to slip and fall and so to prevent this, we will use the path next to 'the green' instead, which won't be as slippery as it is concrete. Therefore, the weather should not affect filming, if it does get particularly bad, we will film the scenes on another day where the weather is dryer. 

Another setting that will be used in our music video will be underground train stations. We have chosen this setting to show the transition between the artist being in her hometown to reaching London and achieving fame. It's a short and simple way to help demonstrate the change of setting to link the two and create a flow within the video. Using Theydon Bois train station and a London one such as Oxford Street, makes a clear connection between the settings. It also will display the ordinary representation of the artist from the way that this is a public form of transport that the audience can relate to using. The shots here will show the artist entering and exiting the stations involved to help display this transition between settings. The limitations of the setting are the fact that the setting is fairly small and we are not actually allowed to film inside the setting, so will just literally be filming outside it. This will leave us with some simple, limited shots which is actually fine because the shots don't need to be dragged out at all because a fully active scene will not be taking place here. Because of the smallness of the setting, the health and safety risks are fairly limited. Though, to ensure that the whole of the setting is able to be captured in shot, the person filming may need to stand in a road/car park whilst shooting this. They will need to ensure that the area is safe around them before doing it and also have someone else on watch to look out for other cars or obstacles that may approach as the filming is taking place. This is what we will do to ensure that the cars/vehicles do not harm the camera operator or any of the members of the group unintentionally. The weather will not affect the filming of these shots as, even though they are essentially outside, they are only going to be quick shots and the weather will not determine the effect of these. 

The next setting that will also be featured in our music video is a shopping centre. This is another location for the artist and friends to 'hang out'. It's a typical setting for socialising and shows comfortability between the friendship that will be displayed. This is a relatable setting as many audience members will be very familiar with it. In the shots the friends are going to be seen with the artist, laughing, enjoying themselves and shopping. Because this is a public place, there is likely going to be some limitations. One of which would be that members of the public are likely to wave at the camera or make gestures to the camera of some sort. This will make the shots more amateur and this is not what we want to achieve - we want to make the music video as professional-looking as possible. The large amount of public that may be in the centre at the time we film may be a limitation as they could prevent us from getting the shots we want. For example, in a long shot we may be trying to capture of all of the friends walking together, members of the public could just walk across the shot, blocking out particular characters of the music video. The health and safety risks in this setting are quite minimal. There may be a lot of people and so this increases the risk of them being bumped into by the artist and the friends or the camera operator(s). This could cause someone to fall over or for the camera to drop or for the shot being captured to be jolted. To prevent this we will ensure to have someone on watch and to look out for potential clashes. The weather will not affect this setting as the shopping centre is indoors which means the weather will not be needed to be considered. 

The last setting that will be included in our music video will be the artist hanging with their friends at their house or friends house. Showing the house as not being expensively furnished or decorated makes the house seem like a normal one that a typical normal family would live in - including the artist at this point. In the house we want to also show shots of the artist and friends together playing games, watching television and just generally having a good time. With this, we will hen have various shots of the friends in different locations which can help to reflect the normality of the artist's life before they become famous and also the strength in the friendship on the artist and their friends. Because the house we will film in will is one of the group member's, there will hardly be any limitations. The house is quite small in areas so we will just carry out the shots in the larger parts of the house to enable us to create the ideal shots that we want. The health and safety risks would only be the house appliances in the home, such as any lights that may be around, the kettle, radiators etc. We will ensure that all members involved will be careful around the appliances to ensure that nothing harmful will be a result. There is also quite a lot of wooden floor within the house which could be slippery, especially if the weather happens to rain. To stop anyone slipping over, we will make sure to take our shoes off so that the wetness of the shoes won't be transferred onto the floor, causing it to become slippery, but also just generally be careful when walking on it. Overall, the weather will not affect filming as the setting is inside and so what is going on outside will not matter. 

Iconography

Moving onto iconography, one of our most prominent uses will be a microphone. Ideally, rather than using a modern microphone, we would like to use a vintage style one to create the intended vibe within our video. The vintage microphone reflects the artist as being more 'old school', traditional and classic. This is also conventional to the genre of soul by including this as it creates this 'chilled' vibe usually found in soul music videos. The iconography will be used on stage during the performance parts of the video, where the artist will look as if they are genuinely singing into it - as if they would at a concert/gig. This is more effective than just having the artist sing on stage without one because, it makes the performance seem more professional and high key. It will also help us to distinguish the performance style parts of the video to the audience and create a clear and definite including of it. The performance looking more genuine can also allow the artist to perform more realistically, enabling them to make certain gestures and expressions that they may feel is needed. The microphone also helps to make the performance realistic as the song has parts where the artist would have changed the dynamics of their voice. Therefore, with the microphone, the artist can go closer to or further away from the microphone to help display this. Having this is conventional to the soul genre as the typical old vibe is created and it ensures prominence on the performance parts of the song. It also allows emotion to be illustrated more clearly and genuinely which is a generic convention found in nearly every soul genre music video. 

Another prominent use of iconography will be the use of a piano in the other coordinating performance shots in the video. This will be used by the artist as they sing and play the piano at the same time during particular performance shots which will coincide with the stage performance shots. This will show the artist as being talented and more extraordinary from the way they can play piano as well as sing - and at the same time. It helps to make the song more raw and real, and reflects to the audience the personal meaning of the song to the artist. Having the artist play the piano throughout reinforces the way that the artist wrote and composed the song themselves. Also, including the use of piano creates interest within the video and also elegance from the way that the acoustic nature of this instrument is quite calm and flowing. Expression can also be emphasised through the playing of the instrument, which is conventional to the genre of soul as having emotion as a valued feature is a key generic code. The general use of the piano is also conventional as it adds professionalism to the video and using a black piano reflects the sombre mood we intend to create for parts of the video (performance) - conventional to the genre of soul.

A less prominent use of iconography would be phones used when the friends are hanging out together. This shows the interaction between them and will help to emphasise the comfortability between them. They will be used to create laughter and a focus for the artist and friends to use as a centre point for a particular emotion. Some shots could also be as if the friends were filming on the phones to make the audience feel more involved and to also help make the scenes look genuine. However, reflecting on this idea, we want to make these particular scenes look as if they are in the past where phones wouldn't be such a dominant feature then as it is today. We also don't want to take the innocence away from the representation of the artist and friends and so including phones could potentially manipulate this. It also goes again the pure and raw nature of the soul music videos and so, on this particular idea, our group may reconsolidate this. 

Buses and cars could also seen as being iconography in our video as they will be featured. The artist will not directly use them themselves, however, they can be a way, likewise with the train stations, to show transition between settings. It will help show the audience that the artist is just an ordinary, genuine person like them. This will make the relationship between the audience and the artist more stronger as they will feel more relatable to the artist and feeling more as if they aspire to be like the artist. The buses and cars in London will also be shown in the fast-paced edited shots of the London streets that we will be including. This creates a clear link to the success of the artist as red buses are a distinct clue into showing that it has been filmed in London. This is conventional to the genre of soul because this clearly links the lyrics to the visuals which occurs very often in soul genre music videos. 

This planning has helped me prepare for filming our music video as it has helped illustrate how important the setting and iconography is. It has also ensured that we have a clear direction in where we want and intend to film, as well as having back up plans if particular settings or iconography are unavailable when we come to film. Moreover, it has made us recognise which particular settings would fit with the soul genre and of course, the narrative and performance elements of our video. As well as this, iconography used to make the scenes more realistic such as the microphone and also more raw like the piano have been planned out and are going to be accentuated as best as possible. Planning the setting and iconography will have saved us filming time as we wont have to waste time now looking around for places to film. We are now able to just get ourselves straight to the setting we need and film what we need to. Additionally, it gives us time to make sure that we can get hold of the iconography that we want to use before we begin to film so that everything is in place and prepared. 

Magazine Advert Analysis - Miss Georgiou

 There are many different purposes of a magazine album advert. The main one of being in order to promote an artist's album and reach a wider, mass target audience. This is because it attracts the attention of the magazine readers which may not be an initial target audience option. It could further be a purpose for acting as a constant reminder for an upcoming album. This reinforces the audience of new material that the artist is releasing and attracts more sales due to more frequent advertising and acknowledgement, which makes the audience more likely to remember the release. Furthermore, the purpose of magazine advert also allows a link to be created with other advertisements of the album to further create more marketing as well as getting support from other different companies that could increase sales further. Magazine adverts also link in with other any articles within the magazine on that particular artist, which benefits both the magazine and the artist. I have chosen to analyse Adele's '21' album promotion advert and Paloma Faith's album advert. I decided to analyse these adverts as Adele is the artist that we would like to make a video for and Paloma Faith is a successful soul genre artist of today. 

Adele's '21' Album Advert

Adele's '21' album magazine advert is very conventional to the genre of soul. The artist is represented as being depressed and insecure. This is from the way her facial expression is fairly mutual as if she is hiding something like a feeling or an emotion that is restricting her from being herself. She is looking to the ground in both pictures (the main advert picture and the album cover) which shows a lack of confidence. This could be seen as reflecting insecurity from the way that she feels the need to look down without the confidence of looking directly into the camera. This therefore, is illustrated to the audience too as they are unable to see the artist look directly at them which makes them feel sympathetic towards her. It could also connote the way that she is reflecting back on experiences of her life which is the content of the ones within the album and so, gives the audience a glimpse of the album before purchasing. The colours of the advert are very significant in that the black and white filter mirrors the idea that Adele is reflecting on her past as many moments captured in the past are coloured black and white. Black and white are very dull and simple colours which could infer that her past or whatever she is singing about may be negative. It could also represent the emotion she is attempting to express as black can connote depression. This gives the audience further taste as to what to expect from the songs on the album and this is strengthened by the way the songs are based on personal experiences - which is also conventional to the genre of soul. The use of green in the advert for some of the font, typically connotes jealousy. This slight inference of jealousy could reflect the emotion in one or more of the songs on the album and so, the audience are able to recognise this which could interest them and also be relatable to them if they believe they are in a similar situation to Adele. Having the green on the name of the album '21' and 'available everywhere now' emphasises the album and the message that it is easily accessible. On the other hand, green can also suggest something new and fresh - this could be a message that the advert is trying to portray, that Adele's new album is fresh and natural. A green line also outlines the album which stands out from the contrast to the monotone colour of black and white prominently featured in the advert. This contrast creates a 3D effect as it makes the album seem as if it is slightly more forward and close to the audience than the rest of the advert. The design and layout of the advert is fairly simple but effective. There is a large image that fills the whole of the advert which allows the advert to be more eye-catching, as fans are more likely to notice Adele quicker from the way she takes up the majority of the advert. The same effect would not be created if the advert was filled with mostly writing as it would not attract the audience/reader and would not tempt them to stop and read as naturally, people are visually attracted to something they choose to read. Having the album in the bottom left hand corner shows that the purpose of the advert is still reinforced and that people can still buy it. Furthermore, the way that the images featured on the album are very similar shows the relation between them, however, still ensures interest as it supplies a different, unique image to the advert. The choice of image for the advert is large and shows her positioned on the side of the advert which allows the audience to be able to recognise her, but prevents distraction from the purpose of the advert of showing the album that is being promoted. The way that half of the artist's face is being shown manages to hide her identity, making her seem shady and insecure as it could infer that she doesn't want to expose herself. The typography in the advert is very distinct in the way that the artist's name is in capital letters, in a simple, large and unbolded font. The name of the album '21' is displayed next to the capitalised 'ADELE' which demonstrates the connection between the two clearly. However, they are separated by the fact that 'ADELE' is coloured white, whereas '21' is coloured green. The way that the artist's name has been written in this way gives her an identity as it is distinct and different to any other artist. The simplicity of the font also reflects her emotions and personality that is portrayed in Adele's videos which are illustrated as being quite neutral. 'Available everywhere now' is in smaller print and different font to make sure that it isn't associated with the distinct identity of the artist. The way it is capitalised however, still makes it 'stand out' to the audience, easily readable and shows relevance and significance to the advert as it promotes the release of the album. The style of the language is not lengthy and is actually quite short, snappy and simple. This makes it more attracting to the audience as the message of the advert is delivered quickly, with no effort needed from the audience. This simplicity engages them as, if there was a large amount of text on the advert, a lot of people would not be encouraged to feel the need to read the advert. Having a minimal, simple style of language for the small amount of text displayed on the advert, ensures that all attention of the audience is on Adele and the album. The language does still attract the attention of the audience by supplying key information to engage them and intrigue them about the artist, for example '2 time Grammy Award Winner'. This represents her as being more successful which is attempted to be emphasised here and to purposely be acknowledged by the audience. The advert promotes the soul genre in a way that reflects the content of being about personal, past experience. This is from the black and white filter, as well as the artist's expression from the way she is looking down and not directly into the camera. It also shows the genre as conveying deeper feelings and emotions within the songs of that genre. From the dark colouring and general mood created through this advert, this is displayed. The advert promotes the artist in a sympathetic and relatable way. She is shown being very honest and deep in the way that she is expressing her emotions which are expected to be reflected in the songs on the album. This builds a stronger connection between the artist and the audience because they are able to recognise how she is just an ordinary person going through the same situations that regular audience members would - therefore, this is also a point that attracts the audience. The advert also attracts the audience by including a large image of the artist as it immediately catches the attention of the magazine reader and instantly shows reference to Adele. The audience are also attracted to the advert through the way that there is a limited amount of text. As the target audience is a fairly young one, 16 - 30 years old, they would be attracted to this as younger audiences are found to be more 'lazy' when it comes to reading. Having a small amount of short, snappy text ensures their attention is caught and that they are still able to be engaged in the advert and feel intrigued to the extent in which they feel to go out and purchase the album.

Paloma Faith's 'A Perfect Contradiction' Album Advert

Paloma Faith's album advert, whilst being different to Adele's in many ways, is still conventional to the genre of soul. This particular advert of hers is promoting the release of 'A Perfect Contradiction' - her 'new' album (2014). Paloma is represented in the advert as being quite quirky and unique. This is generally from her initial appearance which is fairly bold arguably peculiar. This is from the way that her hair is vibrant and bright which makes her stand out from others. Orange/ginger hair is sometimes shown as being negative or more of a rarity, however, Paloma is shown to very much flaunt this aspect of her. This shows her as being confident and uncaring of what others think and have an opinion of her. It also reassures particular audience members who may feel they can relate to her and may take influence into following her confident attitude. She is also represented as being quite glamorous from the earrings she is wearing, which would often be associated with more flamboyancy. This way that she is represented is very conventional to the genre of soul from the way that she has her own distinct identity that is quirky, unique and different from others in the industry. The flawless and use of quite a lot of makeup could connote a deeper meaning than just making the artist look more attractive. Typically soul artists tend to write songs on negative situations to do with love, heartbreak, etc. This also applies to Paloma Faith, and so, the way that she is shown to have so much makeup on could be a front and in fact could be symbolic for being something to hide her feelings behind. The more makeup that is worn, the less natural emotions that the audience will witness from the artist. This could show a slight 'fakeness' in the way that she shows herself as being a confident woman when in fact there could be unknowing underlying, negative emotions. This is also reflected in the content of her songs, for example 'Only Love Can Hurt Like This' which is featured on the album. This is a song that illustrates the negative aspects of love as she displays how she is 'hurt' from the situation she is in. This is typically conventional to the soul genre as most soul genre songs are based around the negativity of a heartbreak or love. The colours in the advert show significance also. The dark colouring of the clothes that the artist is wearing is overlapped by the album information and reviews. This emphasises the album from the contrast of the colour of the font being white which connotes innocence and purity, unlike the depressing and sad connotation of dark/black. The way that the artist has been brightened and edited to be more vibrant in the way she is displayed makes her boldness stand out more in the advert making her more attention grabbing to a reader. This boldness and brightness of the colours shown on the artist reflect and emphasise her uniqueness as the contrast between her and the dark background and clothing reinforces the idea that she has her own identity and that she is different to other artists. The design/layout of the advert also illustrates particular effects. Having the artist above the album information allows her to be the main focus point and the dominant feature in the advert. This is the main attraction to the audience as this is what is going to grab their attention before going on to read the advert so this is a very important feature of the layout. As an audience we naturally tend to look up or on the upper part of a page when reading something as we assume that this is the primary information/feature of whatever is being read. Therefore, having the image above the information prioritises it for the audience to initially notice the advert from this. The way in which the album is positioned in the middle of the lower half of the advert makes it seem like it is the centre of attention. This is then emphasised as the reviews and information on the album surround it which reinforces its impact and the purpose for the advert - to promote the album and artist. The choice of image for the artist displays her flamboyancy from the way she is looking away from the camera, looking upwards. This gives her more of a natural look as if she doesn't know that the picture is being taken which makes her admirable for the audience as although the picture has been edited she still looks immaculate. The way she is slightly looking up could show her nature of striving to succeed which is complimented in the reference to the way that she will 'cast a spell on America'. However, it could also be seen that the choice of image reflects more stereotypically conventional to the genre of soul. This is from the way that likewise with Adele's album advert, she is looking away from the camera and not directly at it. This could inferably reflect insecurity and a lack of confidence within herself as it seems as though she cannot face looking to the camera (audience) directly. This makes the audience feel sympathetic towards her, especially as she makes herself out to be very confident and open with her feelings. The typography is purposely different for a few parts in the advert. The artist's name is as expected, the largest written text on the advert. This ensures that the audience can associate themselves with her and her identity as soon as they see the advert. The font of which is very sophisticated, stylish and creative which mirrors the way she presents herself and her personality. The way it is also different to any other font on the rest of the advert reinforces the way that she is unlike others in the industry. The reviews are written in italics which emphasises the fact that they are quoted which attracts the audience as it gives them more information on the artist from an outsider's point of view. As well as this, the reviewers which are magazines and newspapers, have their own font too which give them their identity. This enables the audience to acknowledge their identity and recognise who they are more easily as they may associated the font with that particular media title. The style of the language in this advert is more elaborated than in Adele's advert. I believe that is this because Paloma's audience is slightly older, more edging towards a target audience of 16 - late 30's. This type of audience are more likely to take the time to read the advert than the younger audience. Furthermore, as this advert seems to be aimed at Americans, having more elaborated information such as the short reviews, release dates and comments about some of the songs, helps the American audience to understand and familiarise themselves with this artist. With Paloma Faith being British, the Americans may not know as much about her, so by having well known magazines/newspapers making comment on her positively allows them to get a gist of her standard. Moreover, the way that the first little comment under the artist's name says how Paloma will 'cast a spell on America' shows how different and influencing she is. 'Cast a spell' could be associated with witches which are seen to be arguably fantastical creatures. This could therefore represent Paloma as being extraordinary and corrupting in the way that this has been written. The advert promotes the soul genre as being positive. This is from the way that the artist is described as 'soulful' which is used in the advert as a quality and attempts to encourage the audience into buying the album. The advert promotes the artist as being unique and having their own identity. In addition, the advert promotes the artist as being confident in being different to others and to being original. The way that America is referenced shows that although she is a British artist, she is able to sell worldwide and so this advert promotes her as being world class. This advert also attracts the audience by including detail about the content in the album and opinions from other brands which is likely to influence their way of thinking. The advert attracts the audience also from the large, gripping and powerful image that reflects dominance and manages to engage the audience into the advert.

Both of the magazine adverts are conventional to the genre of soul and so, I will use this research to inform my planning of my advert. I have learnt that all the aspects that I have analysed the adverts about are important in making the advert successful in their own way. I have found from this research that the image has got to be one of the most important aspects - not just the positioning and size but also the choice. Both images were particularly chosen to display emotion and express feelings from the artist that could reflect onto the audience. Additionally, the album images and the images displayed in the advert were very similar in reference to colour and the initial look of the artist, which I liked the idea of as it wasn't repetitive but still managed to create a link between the two appropriately. Having this is conventional, especially as the colouring is black and white in the Adele advert which creates the sombre tone to the advert, linking to the content of the album being promoted. I also like the fact that the typography was also very significant in the adverts as they aided to illustrate the personality and identity of the artist in-particular. The different fonts and sizes of the fonts can help to deter where the audience is ideally meant to have drawn their attention to. This is also conventional to the soul genre as emotion is a prominent aspect that is widely attempted to be conveyed in an effective way and so, for my magazine advert, I will ensure to create the same effect and make sure that the emotion I intend to create is illustrated. I will take this on board when creating my own advert and will make sure to carefully choose which fonts to use for each aspect of the writing on the advert to show a separation between the content. 

Target Audience Results - Miss Miller

Research was carried out in order to retrieve preferences and information, that would satisfy the target audience successfully. Carrying out a questionnaire meant that we could obtain a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data that would be from a primary, reliable source. Having 3 closed questions retrieved simple quantitative data providing general information such as knowing the audiences age and gender. Whereas, the open questions provided a more elaborated answer resulting in more qualitative, detailed data to analyse. Carrying out research also allowed us to see any trends in characteristics that are generally favoured in soul genre music videos. It also allowed us to see how the audience felt about our chosen artist, Adele, giving us an idea of how well our song would go down with the target audience. The sample size of the research carried out was 40 people. We decided to ask 40 people as it allowed us to reach out to all types of audience. This makes our results more reliable and increases the accuracy as the results that are retrieved are from all types of audience making it more representative, covering all diversities of audience. The results we have managed to get from the research we have carried out will be used when creating our music video as we will take into account what kind of features the audience want and expect to be included. It will also allow us to notice preferences from a wider, mass audience, ensuring that our video will appeal to more than just the target audience. The questionnaire that we carried out is shown below:

The data that was retrieved was stored and presented through the use of pie charts. Using pie charts to story the data allowed the data to be recognised and analysed in an easy and clear way. 

The first question that was asked was a closed question - 'what is your age group?'. This allowed us to see what aged audience we were carrying out the research on. As Adele's audience tends to situate between from 16 - 30 years old, a more precise target audience would be 19 - 21 years old. This is because Adele wrote her music around this age range which makes her more relatable to the target audience. The way that the number of 19 - 21 year olds who took part in our research was roughly a third of the 40 people we asked, ensures that the results we got were representable to the target audience. The least amount of people we surveyed were from the age group of 27 - 30 years old. This is appropriate for our research as this is not the main target audience, however, still gives us opinion and data to help satisfy other audiences for example, in this case, the older generation. Therefore, this strengths the satisfaction of our audience as a whole and attracts more people to the video that may not be considered as the 'target' audience. The age will be considered when creating our video as we will take on board the results that we retrieve as a whole from the audience. 

The questioned that followed was also another closed question which was 'what is your gender?'. This allowed us to see how the balance worked out between how many male and female took the questionnaire. The majority of the audience were female but only slightly more so than male. Adele's target audience in terms of gender does tend to drift towards female. This is because most of the topics of her material links to love and heartbreak, caused by a man. This is more related to women as they feel they can empathise and relate to Adele a lot more easily. The answers that we get as a result from the research makes us ensure that the audience will be satisfied as we will have retrieved results from all audiences. 

The third question that was asked happened to be the first open question of the questionnaire - 'what is your preferred style of music video?'. The pie chart clearly shows how the majority of the audience prefer narrative style, followed by performance. The concept style didn't receive as many people opting for it due to the way in which it could be seen as over-complicating a video - especially for a soul genre music video which could be viewed as being fairly simplistic. This enables us to experiment with the music video as we can use both narrative and performance style to satisfy the audience and meet the majority of the audience's needs. We can still include a subtle concept to ensure that the whole audience is satisfied. This makes sure that the video appeals to all types of audience. A narrative will definitely be included in our video from the results that we have received. This may be the main, primary style that we will use due to its high demands of half of the audience who took the questionnaire opting for it. Most people reasoned this option for it being possibly relatable which makes it 'raw' and 'unique' to the audience - this is shown clearly in one of my vox pops that follow the analysis of the pie charts. Performance will also be a main style used in the video due to it receiving roughly a third of the audience opting for it. Performance and narrative style music videos are conventional to the soul genre as it allows the audience to witness the expressions from the artist, however, still manage to seek a difference within the video with the narrative that could include the artist or not. Therefore, the way that the audience have collectively chosen that they prefer narrative and performance style music videos strengthens our video's conventionality to the genre of soul which is something we want to achieve. 

Question number four was an open question also - 'What is your favourite editing style, and why?'. Slow-paced editing is clearly the favourite, receiving around a third of the audience opting for it as their favourite editing style. Some audience members thought that the slow-pace editing used could make it more 'emotional', conveying emotions of particular characters or the artist across effectively. About a quarter of people who took part in the questionnaire opted for filters as being their favourite style of editing. This is likely because filters can be used to create a particular mood, for example, a black and white filter could suggest a past event or a sombre tone on the atmosphere of the scene. 'Other' editing styles which the audience have opted for were roughly the same amount as who said jump cut being their favourite. The results shown in this pie chart suggest that sticking strongly to the conventionality of the soul genre is a good option to go for as the research demonstrates how the conventions of the soul genre have been opted for. jump cuts and fast-paced editing are not very conventional to the genre of soul, as they do not illustrate the intended emotion in the same way as slow-pace editing and filters do. Filters and slow-pace editing will be used in our music video as they are not only conventional to the genre of soul, but also appeal to the target audience, ensuring success of the video to proceed. We will most likely use a black and white filter throughout the video to ensure that the sombre tone of the video is maintained throughout. Slow-pace editing will be used on particular parts of the video that we want to demonstrate emphasis on for example, the artist with her friends having a good time.

The next question was an open one - 'describe the setting that you would normally see in a soul music video?'. The city, a bar/pub and in an isolated setting tended to receive the same amount of people opting for them. However, the majority of the people who took part in the questionnaire opted for a stage being the setting that they feel they would expect to see in a soul music video. This is most likely because on a stage the artist is in their natural environment which makes their performance a lot more genuine and raw. Soul genre songs can hold a lot of emotion that can be expressed in different unique ways which the artist is able to put their own twist on and their personal feelings on. I think we would use a stage in our video if it looked professional, however, if it looked fake or 'tacky', I don't think that the same effect would be created as it wouldn't look as genuine as it would intend to look. If we are able to create a realistic looking, professional stage, we will use this as a setting in our music video. However, we don't want it to look amateur, so we will not include it if we think that an amateur look would be created. Because the topic of our chosen song 'Hometown Glory' is based around the artist's childhood and the way she mentions the city, this may be a possible setting that we will include as it was still appeal to the audience due to the amount of people who chose to describe the setting they would usually see in a soul genre music video in this way.

Question number six was an open one - 'Explain what sort of theme you would feel you would like to see in a soul music video?'. The majority of the participants chose love and heartbreak (which could be put under the theme of love) when looked at together. However, the pie chart shows that family is the most popular option. This could be because soul music can relate to family and love which could cross into family. Showing this theme in the music video makes it relatable to the target audience as all of the target audience would be able to associate themselves with a family. Having this theme ensures that pretty much all of the audience would appeal to it, making our video more successful. The song we have chosen for our music video isn't really about love or heartbreak and so, having this theme shown in our video maybe wouldn't be appropriate. However, because the song portrays the artist reminiscing about being in their hometown, the theme of family could be shown throughout the video, or even love through the passion she feels for her roots. This would appeal to the target audience as this would cross over two popular themes that the audience want to see in a soul genre music video.

The following open question was 'what is it about Adele that you like?'. As presented i the pie chart, a lot of people answered that her voice was the main aspect of her that they liked - which you would hope as this is her career. Though, slightly more people liked Adele for her relatable nature. This is very conventional to the soul genre as the content of soul songs tend to be based on personal experiences. Therefore, if an artist writes a song about something that an audience member can relate to, it increases the relationship between them and the artist, as well as how likeable the artist becomes. The results from this question will be taken on board when creating our music video as it is a clear convention to ensure that the artist is shown to be relatable. By doing this, we can further ensure that the audience are satisfied and that the video will be conventional to the genre of soul.

The eighth question was an open one too - 'what camera angles do you find most effective in the soul genre music videos and why?'. Although most people said more than one angle, we tried to store the data in a fair and representable way. The most favoured type of shot were close ups. Most people who opted for this gave the reason being that it helped to illustrate the artist's emotions in more intricate detail and also aided to connect the audience and artist a lot better. Close ups are conventional to the soul genre for this reason, as artists often like to show the emotion of the song they are performing clearly so that the audience can familiarise themselves with the emotion intended. This abundantly manages to achieve positive effects on the audience from the way that most of the people who took part in the questionnaire opted for close ups being the most effective. Long shots and mid shots were also very popular within the people's answers. Most stated that this was because of the fact that most soul artists are quite quirky or unique and so, costume can demonstrate this from the particular clothing that they choose to wear. A lot of people see clothing as being symbolistic for a person's personality and that you can tell a lot about someone from what they wear. These type of shots allow this element of mise-en-scene to be shown, as well as another element such as body language and facial expressions. If an artist is performing a song and makes frequent hand gestures or movements that could portray emotion for example, a leg stamp could express anger, this is able to be captured through the use of a long or mid shot and therefore could supply further reason as to why some people opted for these certain shots. We will include these types of shots to please the audience and supply them with content that they find effective and expect to see. 

The second-to-last question was a closed question which said - 'what is your favourite Adele song?'. Asking this question enabled us to see whether the song we chose was a good option which it did prove to be. The most favoured song was 'Hometown Glory' narrowly followed by 'Someone Like You'. Using 'Hometown Glory' for our video has given us confidence from the results shown in the pie chart as it is clear that the audience generally like the song. This could be inferably because it was Adele's first song that she ever wrote and one that she wrote at only the age of 16. To the audience, this shows how naturally talented she is from such a young age being able to make such a successful, meaningful single. This song is a little different from the stereotypical love and heartbreak between a relationship which normally acts as the base for nearly every soul genre song. However, the song is still conventional to the genre of soul as, it does refer to the theme of love relating to her hometown and infers that she wants to go back to the way it was. 'Someone Like You' is based around a broken relationship where a man has left the artist and is now married to another woman. The song expresses how the artist feels about the past lover and that she wants to find someone else like him as she can't have him. This could be relatable to some of the people who took part in the questionnaire as breakups occur all the time between many people. The way that Adele has written this song could display distinctly how a person feels which makes them appeal to Adele as it reinforces the fact that she is a normal, ordinary person that experiences the same as every other normal person does. 

The final question in the questionnaire was an open one which was 'why do you think Adele is conventional to the soul genre?'. Most people thought that the reason for her being so conventional to the soul genre is from the topics that she sings about. Her topics mostly work across love, heartbreak and family - three generically conventional codes of the soul genre. Other people thought that the way she has many close ups featured in her videos makes her conventional. This is true as it helps to display her emotions and own interpretation of the song, that the audience are able to witness and recognise. Another convention that the participants recognised in relation to Adele was the minimalist instrumentation featured throughout her work. Most of her songs include acoustic instruments such as piano or guitar which allows the listener to pay more attention solely on the artist's voice. This is a convention of the genre of soul as it helps to demonstrate real and raw emotion primarily from the artist's voice. We will ensure that our video reinforces the topic Adele is singing about and also that close ups will be used frequently throughout the video. Furthermore, by including the artist playing the minimalist instrument in the video emphasises the lack of other instruments within the song. 

The theory that I have chosen to apply to my questionnaire and music video is Grant McCracken. He believes that the postmodern world is full of diversity, dynamism and creativity. McCracken also says that we look at the array of values and ideologies then we can't say all subcultures come from one culture. This applies to our questionnaire as it shows how different people have different ideas and different opinions on answers. It shows that not everyone thinks the same and that each person has their own individual identity through the way that the vox pops especially show the different elaborated idea of each individual. This will be incorporated within our music video as we will ensure that it is creative by making the video slightly diverse as it will not be showing the typical love/relationship features that a typical soul genre music video would do, instead we will be focusing on friendship issues and the idea of isolation which links in with diverse experiences within society. 

Vox Pops

Along with the questionnaire, vox pops were carried out showing 5 people answering the questionnaire that was created for our group:

The purpose for doing this was to make sure that our music video would be more audience considered and that the decisions we make in reference to what is included in the video will be satisfying for the audience. Most of the questions in the questionnaire are open ones and so, the vox pops help to recognise the type of elaborated answers that the participants supply. There is also the enabling of storing qualitative data easily through vox pops as it still stores the lengthy answers the participants would have answered with and also is visual evidence of them answering the questions. Moreover, vox pops also prove that I as an individual retrieved the information in the vox pops as you can hear the questions being asked by myself. Vox pops tend to also retrieve more accurate and genuine results as they feel the need to be honest whilst on camera and in-front of someone, whilst if the participants were to fill out their answers onto paper, they may not feel that as much effort is needed. The vox pops are beneficial as it helps us as a group recognise what the general ideas for the music video should be. They show the individual ideas that each participant suggest and helps to create links between other participants that would have answered similarly. This allows us to see what answers were most common and which ideas should be implemented into music in order for it to achieve as much success as possible.

In conclusion, I found that carrying out the questionnaire was highly useful within my research. This is because the questionnaire allowed us to explore different aspects of the music video and retrieve the best options favoured by the audience. For example, we were able to note the best uses of editing in which we can use in the video that would fully satisfy the target audience. It also allowed us to strengthen our confidence in our song and artist by asking the participants what their favourite song of Adele's was and what they liked about Adele. The way that the results displayed that 'Hometown Glory' was the most favoured, gives us more confidence in using this song for our video as it is clearly liked already. Likewise with the way that the participants positively spoke about what they like about Adele, it reassured us that Adele was a good artist to opt for, especially as one question also referred to her being conventional which was answered in favour of this. The answers retrieved from each question will be taken into account, as, the options the majority of the audience answered with will most likely be included in our music video, for example, being narrative and performance in style. If I was to carry out the research again, I think that I would ask more people the questionnaire so, use a larger sample size. This would increase the repeatability and representativeness of my results giving me more accurate data across a mass audience. I would also include more questions. I would do this because I would be able to find out other aspects of the video that may be needed an audience opinion on, for example, what iconography would they expect to see in a soul genre music video. It would also allow me to find out more detailed and in-depth information by asking more questions for example, asking them to explain a good narrative that would conventionally fit in a music video from the genre of soul. Overall, I believe that the questionnaire and vox pops have had a positive influence on my research as they will aid to ensure that my music video is successful.