Meetings - Miss Miller

It is important to regularly meet with our group to discuss ideas to ensure that everyone is up to date with how everything is being produced. Satisfaction should be felt from each group member and the regularity of meetings means that ideas can further be elaborated on if necessary. It also means that each part of the music video is planned and developed efficiently, in as intricate detail as possible. To organise our time, we made a table to give ourselves a clear structure as to what will be planned and when. This ensured that each group member was aware of the agenda of the meetings and could prepare ideas in which to share with the group relevant to the part of the video that were to be discussed. 

Overall, our group worked well together from the way that each member made contributions of ideas to apply to the music video. We created a group chat to ensure that every group member was aware of the times and dates of the meetings and what was to be discussed within them. Because of this, every member attended each meeting so there was no time wasted by rearranging meeting times, which was helpful as it allowed us more time to work on the filming of the video for example. It also allowed members of the group to alert the others on days they perhaps couldn't do or would find difficult making, allowing the group plenty of time to compromise on another date within the dates in the table. Having all of the members in one chat also meant that any queries or questions that someone may have had could be sent to all members with the hope in that any member could help with a relevant and helpful reply. The first meeting was in-particular was important and beneficial because it was a very important decision that needed to be made - the artist and song that we were going to use. By discussing our ideas widely, we were able to ensure that every group member could have a say in the decision and put across personal ideas of their own. It was beneficial to keep a record of what was discussed at each meeting as it allowed us to reflect on what had previously been discussed and let us make note of our ideas in an organised way. 

Risk Assessment - Miss Miller

The purpose of having a risk assessment allows for the possible risks to be outlined and discussed within the group. Once we recognise and discuss the possible risks that may occur during the production of our music video, we are able to manage the risks and ensure that there is as low chance as possible for them occurring. By making sure that the risks are low, it makes our production a lot more safe and quicker to film and edit. By creating a risk assessment table, it also helps to highlight the alternative options from filming in a particular setting or at a particular time, etc so if there is a change in filming day, for example, we know to make sure it is not a repeat of the original filming day. It's important to consider the risks before filming as it helps us to prepare for the aspects that need to be put in place in aid of eliminating the risks that may arise.

We followed the risk assessment as best as possible to eliminate any possible risks created during our production process. The risk assessment allowed us to prepare for our filming which made it better for us in terms of risks, as they have happened to shrink and now only are at a minority of risks. The risk of the wires on stage was one that we did find and had to ensure that because the artist was wearing heels, the wires had to be clearly visible in order to prevent the risk of a fall. This was an issue in the scene that we did not consider before, however made us realise how important it is to counter to each person who is in and working on the scene. By following the risk assessment, we found that there were no further possible risks that occurred when we were filming. Therefore, we did not have to work around our filming in order to eliminate the risks because there were no further risks in which we identified. The risk assessment holds an important role as it ensures that the risks are limited for filming and outlines any preparation that needs to be put in place before filming to prevent these risks from occurring. It also meant that we could recognise risks that we may not have thought to be of an issue beforehand and ensured that we were extra careful during the scenes where these particular risks were present. By breaking down each of the risks through detailing the columns that they fell to, it meant that each risk could be thoroughly analysed. For example, the 'impact' column helped us to recognise the most dangerous risk within filming, allowing us to be extra cautious when it came to attempting to prevent the risk from occurring. The 'risk management' and 'backup plan' columns helped us to prepare for a quick and known capability for if the risk became an issue. By preparing for possible outcomes of the risk and planning an instructive reaction, it meant that if the risk were to happen, it would be dealt with in the most efficient way with less impact caused as possible. This is very important to have this preparation in place because it not only limits the risk to people but also the surroundings that could be affected. 

Music Video Inspirations - Miss Miller

It is important to take inspiration from other music videos as it helps for your own video to be successful. This is because it helps to take parts from other videos that would have helped the video previously reached success which could then be reflected in my music video. There are many music videos that I have watched in which I have taken inspiration from due to the effective uses of the aspects within them. There are five videos that have in particular caught my attention and that I believe have inspired me for my video. 

The first is Amy Winehouse's 'Back to Black':

The use of the micro element, editing is used in a particularly effective way. The use of a black and white filter in the editing creates an intended atmosphere and mood for the video. The black in the filter could connote depression and sadness whereas the whiteness of the filter could signify innocence and purity. This represents the artist as being innocent and pure, however, because of the addiction that Amy had, the black could signify her going to a 'dark place' as a result which would diminish the innocence and purity in which she once had. 'Black' also refers to heroine which Amy was openly addicted to and so reinforces this idea of her addiction having a negative effect on her. The video is based around a funeral and so, creating a sombre, dull tone on the video is appropriate as it matches the emotion that is portrayed throughout through the narrative. It also reflects the topic of the song which is personal and dark in the way that she is singing about a situation that she had got herself into that has affected her personally and negatively. The black and white filter can also be seen as representing the past, as older filming are associated with black and white monotone colouring. This is how we are thinking to use it in our video as we want to show part of the artist's past and in a negative way. This contribution of the black and white filter will help to reinforce the emotion portrayed here which is very conventional to the genre of soul, engaging the audience in the genuine emotions of the artist and so this is why I think it will play an effective part in our video. 

The second video in which I have taken inspiration from is 'Boyfriend' by Justin Bieber:

The artist is represented in this music video as being multi-talented and confident with performing. We are thinking of having a performance, as well as narrative style music video and so, by representing the artist in the same way as Justin is, it not only fits with our chosen styles, but puts a spin on relation to being conventional to the soul genre. Most soul artists tend not to be shown in this extraordinary light by playing an instrument, as this is more related to indie genre conventions. Soul artists want to be shown as ordinary in aid of being more relatable to their audience. However, we want to demonstrate passion within our video and to demonstrate our artist's contribution to the industry. By making them appear more talented, it makes them seem more dedicated to music and more passionate for something they love. Emotion can also be retrieved more easily in some cases as, the artist uses expression through playing as well as the complimenting facial expressions that she uses. Justin uses it in his video to show a different side to him -  maybe not only a more talented one, but also more sensitive as he tends to display more emotion when he is playing the guitar in the video. This is what we intend to show in our video as soul artists often expose themselves in reference to emotions and so, by an aspect that emphasises this, it also strengthens how conventional the artist is to the soul genre as it subtly demonstrates 'another side' to the artist. This means that the audience could feel more appreciative to the artist as they are sharing another side to them, with another reason as to why they are so dedicated to the industry and passionate in the music they create. Having them playing an instrument in our music video will also make their material seem more personal as it gives the impression that they have composed the music themselves - not just the lyrics, but also the accompaniment. Audiences praise this as this further illustrates extensive talent. 

Furthermore, my third inspiration is from Sam Smith's video for 'I'm Not The Only One':

The way in which the video follows a narrative and performance style structure is something that has inspired my music video and its style. We are thinking of having a mainly performance style video with incorporating narrative sections within to add interest and support the demands of the audience from my primary research carried out through questionnaires. The most popular styles for a soul genre music video were performance and narrative, and so by using these styles interweaving within my video, it satisfies my audience. This particular video from Sam Smith is more prominently narrative based, however I liked the use of performance in this video as I thought it demonstrated the genre of soul clearly and conventionally. I speak of this in relation to the way in which the artist uses a stage with a typical red curtain background to display this clearly. This is conventional to the soul genre as it demonstrates a genuine performance of  the artist performing to their audience. This helps to display the artist in an emotional and expressive way, which I think would be effective in our music video - especially as the soul artists sing about a personal experience. As well as this, it makes the video seem more professional and connects the artist with the audience more easily as it is as if the audience are watching the artist perform to them - making it more personal and direct. It allows he audience to witness the artist in two ways, one in their natural setting of performing, whilst also being included within a narrative. This is conventional as the content of soul genre artist's material is based around stories and experiences in which they are sharing emotively. By having a narrative within our music video, it will explain the story, whilst the performance scenes will portray the emotions that the artist links with the stories - which makes them a perfect combination of styles for this genre.

I was also inspired by Adele's 'Chasing Pavements':

For the editing of the video, the use of the slow timing of shots was an aspect that seemed very effective, as well as being conventional to the soul genre. I liked the way in which it emphasised Adele's movements throughout this video as it helped connect the audience to the artist in a more effective way. By emphasising and slowing the movements of the artist down, it allows for the intricate detail to be more noticeable. With this in mind, the audience can be more familiar with the artist as this gives them a more detailed view that they would likely not be able to see of them elsewhere, for example, in real life. This also exposes their emotions a lot more because the slow nature of the editing makes the artist's movements more noticeable. Because of the soul genre of the artist in which we are thinking of having, exposing emotions is important as the topics of their material are based around personal experiences and interpretations of the artist. By using slow timing of shots, it helps to also reflect other deeper ideas such as the way in which the artist feels that their life is progressing. Therefore, we can use this editing technique for more than just a literal and obvious effect. The audience also feel more attentive to the scene and what is being portrayed, meaning that they are more likely to absorb the emotion that is being conveyed by the artist in our video. This makes them more likely to be relatable and a better chance of the audience building a relationship with them,

Another inspiration in which I have taken is from Paloma Faith's 'Picking Up The Pieces':

The mise-en-scene used within this video was very much inspiring, especially in reference to the costume, hair and makeup. The artist wears red lipstick in some of the scenes within this video which has many connotations and is conventional to the genre of soul.  For example, the red connotes love and passion which is something that is very appealing in an artist. The audience feel more appreciative for the passion in which they display as it shows dedication for their career and the material in which they produce for the industry. The boldness also reflects the uniqueness of their personality which is typical for a soul artist as they are seen as being different and more 'standing out' in the industry for their difference to any others in the industry. By demonstrating this in their music videos, it helps to reinforce this and makes audience feel more engaged into them and the material in which they produce. They are more appealing also because of this and so, the red lipstick helps to also display a different side to them. The lipstick not only demonstrates the artist in a classic and glamorous light. We will use this element within the makeup of mise-en-scene in our video to demonstrate the love and passion in which our artist will be shown to supply to the industry. This means that they will 

Three artists in which we are considering for our my own production is Adele, Paloma Faith or Duffy. These are successful soul artists that have created songs which could be effective for us to use. I feel that these artists tend to express a lot of emotion that can be interpreted in different ways trough the visuals that can be produced in a music video. I feel that we can use the theories of Goodwin and Dyer to comply with the conventions of a typical music video and also to follow the generic conventions in order to create a successful and effective video. I will share this with my group by discussing what artists I think would be effective and why. I will also check whether other group members have considered the same or similar artists to me and then compromise an artist between us to find out what artist will be most favoured and successful for us to use.

Filming Schedule - Miss Miller

A filming schedule is important to have as it creates deadlines and ideas for when filming needs to be done and when particular shots need to be done. For example, we found that the stage is difficult to make use of because of the fact that it is set in a school and so it is in high demand for events such as assemblies. By having a schedule, it makes us prepare for the iconography, costume, hair, makeup etc in which we need for each shot that needs to be filmed. It also allows us to know who needs to be at particular filming times and who doesn't, as well as checking the availability of these group members to ensure that the shots will definitely get filmed. The time of day also needs to be considered, for example, we want to capture some London shots during the night, and so, with this in mind, it means we need to make sure we capture these shots at the right time to ensure that it is not too light outside but not too dark to the extent where you cannot see much of the scene and for the shots to appear grainy. In addition to these reasons, a filming schedule is important as it allows us to prepare for where we need to be, for example, as we are filming in London, we need to know where in-particular we want to film, for what time and for how long. By having the filming schedule, we are able to plan our journey beforehand to ensure that we don't waste valuable filming time and to ensure that the shots we capture are as close as we intend them to be as possible. If there are various shots in the same setting, we can note this in the filming schedule to ensure that all the shots from this setting are filmed in one day, instead of having to go back and fourth to the same setting and essentially wasting time. The filming schedule also means that we can consider what order to film in due to maybe the importance of the shots or the most easiest to film or which is most easily able to start editing. Therefore, a filming schedule is overall mostly important in order to prepare for filming and creating the most effective shots possible.

The filming schedule was mostly followed by during filming however, some changes and alterations had to be made due to particular unexpected reasons. For example, the hall was obviously used a lot during the school day and so we had to reschedule our filming plan due to the lack of the idealistic availability. We decided to change the filming day in which we did the stage performance shots due to the fact that we wanted as much time in the hall as possible to enable us to get the best shots and as close to what we intended as possible. Having more time allows us to focus more on the shots we would capture and also gave us time to set up the stage for example, removing any items that may have been on there from the previous use of it. This allowed us to ensure that our shots looked more professional and idealistic for the video in which we want to create. We decided to capture additional and altered shots during the stage performance in an attempt to hide any parts of the setting that doesn't need to be in shot and any glimpse that would make it appear unprofessional. This also created more variety as we resulted in retrieving a mix of different types of shot of which we could use for the same scene. Due to weather conditions, the shots in London were postponed, also when complimenting with the fact that it got too dark for filming at the time we wanted. The weather affected how quickly it became dark, so this caused us to make alterations in terms of our arrangements for filming. We had to therefore film these scenes later than intended, however, still managed to capture what we wanted. We did however follow the filming schedule for the music room scenes as we had time to sort out arrangements for it to be available for us to use. The role of a filming schedule is therefore important to an extent as it sets a guideline as to when to film and what needs to be present for filming also. Although, we did not completely follow the schedule, it still gave us a good idea of the shots we need to film and when the best time to film these are. 

Storyboards - Miss Miller

The purpose for having a storyboard enables organisation and structure for when it comes to film a production. By creating a storyboard for our music video, we are able to recognise which shots need to be filmed at what times, where and how. The way in which we have planned a storyboard ahead of filming means that it saves time and ensures we only capture shots that will be relevant, flowing and generally make sense when it comes to editing our video. As well as this, it also helps to outline the mise-en-scene featured throughout each shot, giving us time to prepare anything that may need to be accounted for in order to carry out the shots in a way in which we intend. Storyboards also aid to accord timing and allows us to recognise where to adjust shots to make them fit the timing of the song or enables us to acknowledge where particular shots need to take place - matching the lyrics and visuals, for example. Having this organised element as part of planning ensures that every shot is counted for, editing is outlined and mise-en-scene is considered. Not just for filming, when it comes to editing the video the storyboard is purposeful as it demonstrates what scenes need to have particular lighting for example, or effects such as filters. Additionally, it is an opportunity for all group members to combine ideas and have evidence of this, rather than just going off to film whatever a member feels would look effective. It ensures that the video can be planned and filmed as successfully and efficiently as possible as all group members are satisfied with the structure and know to raise an opinion on the choices made.

Primary and secondary research that I have carried out has helped to plan my music video and the storyboard in different ways through different aspects have inspired me. The answers retrieved from the questionnaire that was carried out as part of my primary research were considered when creating our storyboard. When carrying out this particular research, after knowing the genre and artist in which we wanted to make a video for, we wanted to retrieve more information on this basis from our target audience. The results showed how a narrative and performance style music video were favoured, and so by evenly integrating the narrative and performance scenes within the video, as reflected in our storyboard, this enables us to satisfy our target audience. It also more generally allows the styles portrayed in the video to be more evidential and by storyboarding this, it helps to distinguish how we could link both the different style scenes together. As well as this, if emotion needs to be illustrated on a certain lyric maybe a performance style shot could fit in whereas if there is a part of the song that suggests a story, a narrative style shot would fit better here. By taking note of this while storyboarding, it allows us to ensure that a consistent balance of the styles are maintained, as well as keeping the target audience satisfied. Slow timing of shots and filters were very much favoured editing styles of the audience that were questioned during the primary research. Evidently, the storyboard reflects use of slow timing of shots, for example at frame 1 to emphasise the movement and dramatic nature of the artist - also creating a climax to where she appears on stage. As well as this a black and white filter will be applied to particular shots such as the narrative scenes to reflect the past, for example frame 18 and 23. We chose to include these editing styles for effect but also to show consideration for the target audience and what they request to see in a soul genre music video which also enables us to strengthen the conventionality to the soul genre. The stage was the most popular chosen setting for a soul genre music video that was picked by our participants of the questionnaire. This setting is displayed in our storyboard as part of one of the performance style settings, where the artist is literally filmed on stage as if she was performing at a genuine concert. This idea seemed to be appealing to the audience as they feel it gives a more realistic and raw vibe where they feel they can connect with the artist more and easily. Secondary research inspiration was taken from all the soul genre music videos in which we had watched previously before creating the storyboard. For example, in Amy Winehouse's 'Back to Black' the shots changed fairly quickly and frequently, however, the video still managed to maintain a flowing and soulful effect due to the use of editing. In this particular video, the pace is slowed by the slow timing of shots rather than the more contrasting frequent changes of shots. We have ensured to also incorporate the narrative and performance scenes together by interweaving and switching between one another - this was taken from inspiration from Paloma Faith's video for 'Only Love Can Hurt Like This'. We found this most effective when watching this music video as it allowed the audience to follow a narrative but at the same time as retrieving genuine and raw emotion from the artist that matches or contrasts the emotions portrayed by the artist in the performance scenes. In Gabrielle Aplin's 'Power Of Love' the artist plays the piano which demonstrates further talent and an unexpected one for the audience to recognise. Although this artist is not from the soul genre, we were still inspired as we found that it would look really effective in our own video to use as the minimal instrumentation that is used, meant that the artist could really make use of this and portray emotion in a particular way. This also enabled us to create interest within the performance scenes, preventing it from becoming disinteresting. By having two settings, it also shows how the artist can perform and express their emotion anywhere - which makes them seem more talented and appealing. We incorporated these shots throughout the video as we found that this also helped to link the performance scenes throughout. 

My group and I discussed the different ideas in which we had for the storyboard - from the basics of the simple ordering of shots, to the lighting and editing within each one. We managed to create a group storyboard by finalising the ideas in which we developed and inserted them in a particular way that we felt would be successful and flowing for the video. For example, we all favoured using a black and white filter, likewise with our audience, and so we included this editing style within allocated shots within the storyboard for effect. We chose to apply the filter to the scenes that are showing the artist in the past which is when she is with her friends. Lighting was another feature that was discussed within the group. We managed to agree that we would like high-key lighting on the positive scenes (narrative scenes) and low-key on the more negatively emotive scenes (performance scenes). An inspiration was taken from Ella as she suggested that using frequent appearances of close ups, that this would help the artist to express as much emotion as possible. For soul music videos, a lot of emotion needs to be portrayed in order to achieve audience engagement - a very important aspect and intention. Kane suggested that panning shots helped to reflect deeper connotations such as how the artist feels that their life is progressing. The smoothness and wide nature of a panning shot allows much of a setting to be shown which reflects how much the artist has going on in their life as it captures numerous different content material all within one shot. We were inspired by this idea and so have chosen to use panning shots of London and during the performance scenes as we found that this shot would most effectively be used at these parts in our video. As a group, we found the decisions we made quite difficult because we want to make the video as successful as possible, with a full audience understanding of the video and its narrative. By making a risky decision it could loose the audience's understanding and lack the emotion that is intended to be put across to the audience. 

In order to be fair and allow each interpretation of the audience member to be counted, we took it in turns to draw the pictures and label the headings for the storyboard as it allows each of us to visually show the idea that they had. However, the roles were generally allocated in the end to save time and act efficiently. Hannah and Kane drew most of the pictures for the storyboard whereas, myself and Ella wrote most of the labelling and details of the shot below each frame within the storyboard. The pictures are important as they help to visually portray how the shot is going to appear and allows us to match up to the camera when filming. The detail labelling of each shot is also important as it shows how the shots will look, for example what lighting it will have and what actors will be included within the scene. This saves tim when filming and editing because everything is planned and we know how to prepare for capturing each shot that is shown.

The storyboard is shown below:

The benefits overall of having a storyboard generally help to save time when it comes to filming. This way, we can be fully prepared for the shots in which we need to film and will help us to also be successful in them as it gives us a good idea as to what we want to capture. In addition, we are not only able to know the general details of each shot but we can visually see what type of shot in which we want to create. Therefore, when it comes to filming, instead of having to read all the information about the shot, to save time, by visually seeing what the shot generally looks like, we can just capture what we witness on each frame within the storyboard. When filming, the storyboard wasn't followed 100% due to the fact that some shots were difficult to achieve effectively. For example, in the shots of the artist walking out of the telephone box, it was difficult for us to capture a high angle shot due to the surroundings. It could have also put a group member at risk whilst trying to capture it and so this was replaced with a mid shot as we still found that this showed how the artist exited the telephone box. Furthermore, we found that the shopping centre setting was too unprofessional as many members of the public tended to be open to waving in the camera. We cut this setting out but still carried out the hometown Theydon Bois setting shots that are noted in our storyboard. At frame 23, we put in the storyboard that we wanted a long shot of the artist up against the greenery background, however, when it came to filming, we found that this shot wasn't exactly flowing and as effective when placed within the other shots. We decided to just use a panning shot of the artist and then a close up as we found this more effective. Storyboarding our ideas helped filming as it saved time and allowed us to recognise what we needed to get prepared before filming particular shots. For example, we needed to ensure that we had a microphone for iconography for some performance scenes.

Lyric Analysis - Miss Miller

There are many different purposes of analysing the lyrics of our chosen song. For example, analysing the lyrics allows us to highlight and distinctively identify hidden connotations that can further be elaborated on within our music video. In doing this, we can create an effective music video that still stays relatable to the meaning of the song and therefore, understandable for the audience. Furthermore, it gives the audience an alternative interpretation of the song that they may not have initially associated it as being like which creates interest and engagement. The lyrics also give us a guide into what emotion we should intend to create for the artist to portray, for example, in 'Hometown Glory' there is a strong theme of nostalgia. To reflect this we have chosen to include scenes of the past showing how happy the artist was with her friends. On other parts of the song, such as the second verse, we can literally demonstrate a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals which further strengthens the audience's understanding. By analysing the lyrics it also demonstrates particular planning techniques such as which elements of mise-en-scene need to be used in such a way to emphasise certain lyrics or moments in the song. In addition, it aids our planning in how we are to represent the artist in a particular way. For example, if the lyrics reflect the artist feeling emotional and negative, a way in which to show her weakness could be through the use of a high angle shot as it makes the artist appear small. By analysing the lyrics we are able to outline where these moments are and plan what we can do to achieve this through the different aspects of the video through the micro elements within.

Here are the annotations in which we made for our chosen song 'Hometown Glory' by Adele:

Overall, there are many different hidden meanings and messages of the song we have chosen to make a video for. From inferring the deeper meanings behind the lyrics, it has outlined that the general hidden meaning/message is that the artist values and maybe wants things to go back to how they were when she was back in her hometown. The artist makes great reference to the people she had met there, remarking them for being the 'wonders of her world', which is clearly understood by the audience from the frequent repetition of the line that states this. Adele wrote this song when she was 16, so this would have been a comfort for her and something that could have particularly been close to her heart. We have annotated our lyrics by thinking more 'outside the box' in order to seek deeper alternative meanings that we could emphasise within our music video. As well as looking for hidden meanings and connotations, we also analysed lyrics that could represent the artist in a particular way. This allows us to think about how we could them illustrate this within our video. Additionally, we have also annotated the lyrics looking for possible ways in  some could demonstrate ideas linked to the style or aspects of the video such as mise-en-scene. By looking for this, it aids us to get an idea where we can change shots or change style which makes it easier for us to identify a place in which to switch due to the fact we are using two styles in our video. We have also looked at the lyrics in a way to identify where the target audience can build a relationship with the artist. When looking for these particular parts, we considered how we will emphasise these parts in our video to ensure that the audience feel involved and engaged.

Our annotations will assist us in planning the different elements of our music video as we are able to incorporate visuals that will coordinate appropriately to the lyrics and link to the connotations in which they happen to suggest.

Firstly, the genre codes and conventions can be illustrated within our video easily from the way in which the lyrics will match the visuals within our video. For example, the way in which the lyrics state 'missing out the cracks in the pavement' allows us an opportunity to visually illustrate this in the video. This is a convention of soul genre music videos as often some lyrics have deeper meaning, likewise with this particular one. By showing it in it's literal form, it allows the audience to think about its deeper and underlying meaning as they notice the way it has been emphasised. This also supports Goodwin's theory, as this is one of the aspects that he found to be included in music videos. Linking the lyrics to the visuals also helps to create correct imagery that is intended for the audience to picture and therefore allows strengthening the familiarity of the artist for the audience. Another convention of soul is that the lyrics have deeper, hidden and meanings that are not initial. For example, this is illustrated in the same lyrics of 'missing out the cracks in the pavement' as it represents the artist as being quite weary but also could suggest them reflecting a feeling of paranoia. If you miss out cracks in the pavement it suggests you for being quite a superstitious person as, it is said that it you stand/walk on pavement cracks you will receive bad luck. The fact the artist has stated this means that the audience can recognise that even though the artist is trying their hardest to avoid bad luck, they are still receiving it, relentless of their efforts. In addition, another convention of the soul genre is the song being based on personal experiences. This is reflected within the lyrics through the frequent use of personal pronouns such as 'I' which reinforces the personal feelings in which the artist is expressing. This personal aspect can be developed in our music video by displaying the artist performing to the camera which will make the more personal aspect more prominent to the audience. By having this, the audience will be able to connect better and build relationship between them as they are more understanding of the artist's true, inner and personal feelings. 

Our annotations will also help us plan the cinematography in which will be included within our video. For example, the last time the artist sings 'round my hometown..' we intend to make a large build up in order to reflect the personal meaning of the hometown to the artist and to also mirror it being the final time in which she sings it. This has inspired us to not just create this climatic ending through the expressions of the artist, but also through the cinematography in order to emphasise this lyric. On the word 'round' we would like to mirror this image by using a panning shot of the artist transitioned into a panning shot of London, making it flow and as swift a transition as possible. This will be quite difficult to achieve successfully, however if we do manage to get the angles/levels and speed of both shots included correct, it should look creative and effective. Using a noticeable visual change in order to show this movement makes it more likely for the audience to take notice and appreciate the effect that has been created. It will make the audience feel more engaged as there wouldn't be shots like it previously shown in the video and also because it is a bit different, it creates interest within the video. It could be more on the unconventional side to the soul genre because it may be quite a quick movement in order to ensure timing is achieved on the lyric that we want. Soul genre music videos tend to take a slower-paced approach and so this contrasts with this, though because it is reflecting particular emotion of the artist, it could still be seen as being conventional because often soul genre music videos have aspects that do reflect the emotions of the artist. The movement of the cinematography here could display deeper meanings such as the fact that the artist may feel that her life is just a vicious circle from this movement - this being the way she feels positive then negative, etc. This also creates a relationship with the audience as they feel sympathetic towards the artist as they get the impression that they are trapped in a situation they cannot seek help for or cannot come to terms with. The planning of cinematography is also assisted by our annotations from the way in which we can use mid shots and long shots of the artist and her friends in her 'hometown'. We can include these shots during the parts of the song where 'wonders of my world' is repeated, as this is where the artist is referring to the people she met in her hometown. The way in which this is emphasised, further reinforces the personal meaning that these people have on the artist, and so, by also emphasising this through the visuals in the video, it will help reflect this to the audience. In the shots, by also displaying the artist as being happy and positive with her friends, will help us to demonstrate how her life has changed now - for the worse. Using a cinematography aspect to emphasise this will be more noticed by the audience as it is naturally the first aspect of the shot that they will acknowledge. Using both mid shots and long shots will prevent these parts of the video from becoming boring as it adds interest within. Furthermore, to enhance the contrast in emotions between the artist in the past to now, we can use close ups/extreme close ups in the scenes to really reflect a true and genuine emotion of how the artist is feeling. This full exposure of the artist will allow the audience to witness the intricate detail of their expressions and so will more likely be able to relate to them and connect with them. 

In addition to cinematography, our annotations will also assist us with planning the editing that will be used within our music video. The most prominent editing technique in which we have chosen to use in our music video is a black and white filter, that has been decided due to the lyrics and their hidden meanings. From looking at the overall mood of the song, it reflects positivity when Adele reflects on her hometown which suggests that her past is associated with happier images as opposed to how she is at present. The artist is asked a question in the first verse, "is there anything I can do for you dear? Is there anyone I could call" which suggests that she is visiting somewhere she is not commonly known for being present in, however, she rejects this as she replies thanking them and saying that she is 'not lost just wandering' - displaying that she is familiar with the place. This obviously has a personal connection with the artist as it is evident that she can see how it has changed. It is as if the 'memories are fresh' for her and when she goes back, that's all she remembers, however it has changed so much since she was back there. This change seems to be negative as she seems to reflect positively on the memories and the people associated to these memories, however slightly differently to the present where conflict is very much reflect in the lyrics. For example, 'you get the people and the government, everybody taking different sides' displays tension within the place that she fondly remembers. It reflects how it has changed from the way it was when it was her actual 'hometown'. The black and white filter will emphasise this reflective nature of looking back at past events as this is what black and white colouring is associated with. The monotone nature of the filter also reflects the negative association of how the place is now, giving it more a sense of unfamiliarity even though the artist still feels that the 'memories are fresh' and that nostalgia is still a very strong theme. The lacking of the brighter colours mirrors the lack of positivity within the artist's life and the way they feel about their 'hometown' now. This is what has made having this particular editing technique appropriate for these parts of the song where the artist is performing, not to mention the fact that it is very conventional to the genre of soul. Adele along with many other soul artists such as Amy Winehouse, use black and white filters in their videos to help reflect specific emotions to their audience in order to make it as clear and distinct as possible. This negative atmosphere that is created as a result makes the audience feel sympathetic towards the artist as they feel more understanding in reference to how the artist feels. A further editing technique that we will be using, besides this one, will be fast-paced editing. In the second verse, the lyric remarks 'I like it in the city when the air is so thick and opaque', where 'thick' and 'opaque' are emphasised. This metaphorical idea suggests that the artist likes it when there is a lot going on and when there is depth and complexity to the setting. By using long shots of London that are past-paced edited, it will help to reflect this 'thickness' of the air especially by complying to the 'city' in which Adele refers to. As well as this, using the word 'opaque' reflects quite a solid but plain view that suggests a lacking of detail. The fast-paced nature of this editing technique allows the shots to be seen more in a blur style rather than displaying every intricate detail of what is being captured. This not only reflects this 'thick' and 'opaque' idea, but also interweaves the complexity of the artist's frantic and hectic lifestyle. With this in mind, we are able to connect two ideas into one - the emotions of the artist and the representation of the artist, which allows a better understanding for the audience. By overlapping these shots with others such as the artist shown in her hometown during the chorus, it helps to show the contrast between the two settings. Additionally, the way that we will be using slow timing of shots on the other contrasting shots, it will help to emphasise this change in emotion of the artist that will be displayed in the lyrics, cinematography and the editing as a whole. Fast-paced editing isn't conventional to the soul genre as slow timing of shots is more the preferred style of speed editing. However, due to the fact that it is being used to convey emotions that the artist expresses aids it for being exposing of the artist's feelings to the audience. This is a convention of the soul genre - being open and emotive to the audience and so, could be seen for being conventional when looking at it from this perspective. 

Mise-en-scene is a very important aspect to any production - this includes music videos. Our annotations have helped to assist us with planning what to display in terms of the following elements within mise-en-scene: setting and iconography, lighting, positioning of characters, facial expressions and body language and costume, hair and makeup. Firstly, I will discuss how the annotations have aided our planning of the setting and iconography within our video. I have already spoken about the lyric that starts the second verse, 'I like it in the city when..', which also is appropriate to take note about here too. This makes the clearest reference to the setting in terms of the lyrics and so, this gives us a good idea of what setting would evidently be successful to use in our video. Using London is ver appropriate due to the fact this is where Adele is referencing to but also the audience will be familiar with this setting and so it will be more relatable to those audiences. As well as this, by recalling this as her hometown, it shows the audience that the artist isn't afraid to open up about their personal feelings and life in general, which makes her conventional as she is expressing a personal experience and a personal meaning to the audience. However, although the artist can be portrayed conventionally here, the setting of London isn't so conventional. This is because most soul genre music video settings are more isolated and private, usually some having the artist as the only individual within it. Although this setting isn't conventional, in order to display that the artist is famous in the present day, we are also including the setting of a stage where the artist will supposedly be performing. This is conventional as it allows the artist to express emotions in a genuine and realistic way in which the audience can recognise from the natural and rawness of the performance in which they give. This will especially be appropriate during the improvised section before the last chorus as the expression of the artist will closely be followed by the audience as it is as if the lack of lyrics make the artist perform as they feel which makes their performance a lot more true and genuine. To reflect the frequent reference to the 'hometown' we are changing it slightly by not making London our artist, Amy's, hometown but somewhere more isolated and low-key in order to comply more closely with a setting conventional to the soul genre. This is why we are thinking to use Theydon Bois which is a small village that will help also reflect the innocence and lack of complexity of the artist's life before she becomes famous - this is our narrative. The audience will also be able to connect with her and the meaning behind the 'hometown' that the artist frequently makes reference to in the lyrics, as more audience members are likely to be living in a setting such as this one, strengthening the relatable nature of the artist. Another element of mise-en-scene is the lighting included within a production. Our annotations have helped to plan ideas for the lighting, for example, the second line of the chorus states that 'memories are fresh'. Taking the word 'fresh' that is used reflects quite a positive and uplifting image as, if something is 'fresh' it seems to only be used in a positive way when making reference to something. The memories being 'fresh' makes the artist feel as if they had never left the hometown in which they are visiting - this idea is additionally reflected in the first lyric of the song, 'I've been walking in the same way as I did' and this can be quite a comforting thought for some audience members. To expose this idea, during the parts of our video where the artist is with friends shown happily in their hometown, it has assisted us in a way that we can choose to use high-key lighting here. The high-key lighting does not only reflect exposure, but also demonstrates a positive and innocent interpretation as it symbolises goodness and purity. Using this type of high-key lighting will help to create and enhance the positive atmosphere that the artist associates with at this time in her life. High-key lighting isn't necessarily conventional to the genre of soul as the content of most soul songs are more depressing and negative and so low-key lighting tend to emphasise this theme. However, we will be using low-key lighting on the performance style shots to reflect the negative outlook in which the artist has for her life at that time. Having both extremes of lighting makes a clear contrast between the emotions of the artist in the two different times of her life easy to achieve and be successful because the lighting is so contrasting. Therefore, the audience are able to acknowledge this a lot more easily and in a way that makes them feel sympathetic for the audience as they would hope for the artist to maybe reflect on the past negatively but show her as feeling positive in the present day, rather than the other way round. Positioning of characters is the next element of mise-en-scene that has been assisted to planning by the annotations in which we have made. The comments Adele makes within the song are fairly general such as 'I like it in the city'. By making her central in the shots gives her more of a narrator role, where she i overviewing her hometown and making comments about what she sees and how she feels. Being central in shot also makes the audience automatically drawn to her as focus naturally takes place in the centre of the screen. It also reflects the idea of everything revolving around her and this idea that she may feel trapped in these emotions that surround her that she cannot break our of. The repetition of 'round' in the lyrics can also visually be supportive of this from making the artist central in the shots as it ensures that attention is on her and that everything around her is being taken note of and acknowledged by her. This is conventional to the genre of soul because it reflects the build up of emotions that surround the artist which is usually the case with soul genre songs as they have hidden meanings and more emotions that are being expressed than the initial, quite obvious ones that are brought to attention at the beginning. Another element of mise-en-scene is the facial expressions and body language displayed throughout. In the lyrics there is a change in structure at the bridge/middle 8 where two lines are repeated to create a four line section. We are using the cleaner version of the song which will not include the only mild swearing of 'sh*t' within in, however the message without the use of swearing is still clear. The mood changes in the song at this point as the lyrics are more aggressive in a way, and so this needs to be reflected in the artist too. The best way to show this is through the facial expressions as it shows rawness and a genuine, personal emotion when the expressions of the artist are clearly displayed in a way that makes them seem real. This also makes the performance that is delivered more connecting with the audience as the emotions are more accurately portrayed, giving a better quality perception and understanding of the emotions. The last point of mise-en-scene is the costume, hair and makeup. Previously, I have spoken about the 'memories are fresh' lyric in the song, which is also notably appropriate to point out here also. When she is singing this lyric, the video will show the artist in the hometown with her friends when they were younger and before she is famous. By dressing the artist and their friends in casual clothing, this not only reflects their youth and innocent perception but also makes them relatable to the audience as the costume is more likely close/similar to something audience members would wear. This also can be used to mirror a contrast between the appearance of the artist in the present as opposed to back then in the past when she was younger. In the performance style shots of the video, the artist will be seen wearing black with red lipstick as this will help to age the artist and how how she is reflecting on her life. She needs to be displayed as being older and more classic in order to comply with the conventions of the soul genre. For example, wearing black symbolises how negative and sad the artist feels about themselves and their life - further reflecting insecurity which is also conventional of the soul genre. Wearing red lipstick demonstrates her passion for what she is singing about and will also help reinforce the personal meaning that she has for the hometown she is singing about and how the people she has met mean so much to her to the extent that they are the 'wonders' of her world. 

Other than mise-en-scene, the music video style has been helped to plan, due to our annotations of the lyrics. The improvisation near the end, just before the last part of the final chorus reflects the way in which the artist performs how she is feeling and reflects how the talent just occurs naturally to her, with the way in which she doesn't have to think about what she is doing. In a more deeper connotation, it also symbolises the lack of direction that she feels she has for her life and ironically could suggest that she is lost. This is ironic because this contrasts to the first verse where she states that she doesn't need any help when in fact she does. The idea that she sees to restrict the positive emotions from influencing her also is reflected here as it is as if she won't let anyone help her or she won't seek help from others. By singing this part during the performance style parts of the video, it makes the emotions of the artist expressed more accurately and allows them to express it in a true and genuine way that the audience can acknowledge and connect with. The narrative style is more shown in the lyrics that relate to the setting such as 'I like it in the city..' and 'I've been walking in the same way as I did..', as well as 'memories are fresh' and 'round my hometown'. During these lyrics, the artist will be shown portraying happy and positive emotions and acting out scenes with the friends that demonstrate how good the friendship and bond is between them. This also links in to the lyrics, 'the people I've met are the wonders of my world' as it illustrates the value that the artist has for these people that she knows. The relationship between the artist and the audience is retrieved through particular lyrics that are included. For example, 'tutting my heel and strutting my feet' has a hidden connotation that could suggest how the artist has been through struggles along the way to where they are now. This can be relatable to the majority of the audience as they would have likely been through hard times or situations that would have been difficult to deal with likewise with the artist. By having this common ground, it makes the artist more relatable and the lyrics and emotions that they express more appreciated as they are mirrored within particular audience members. It is also satisfying that the artist is represented in a way that makes them seem like a normal person and that they can still have the same emotions as any other normal audience member. This builds the relationship between the artist and the audience because it also makes the artist seem quite idolising, as it shows that a normal person with normal feelings and tough boundaries to break through can achieve what they pursue to achieve. This is conventional to the soul genre as most soul genre artists tend to be illustrated in a relatable way as this is an effective way in achieving a artist/audience relationship. It means that the audience can accept the emotions that the artist displays a lot more easily and that they can also take into account the emotions they express. In addition to this, the lyric that remarks 'I love to see everybody in short skirts, shorts and shades. denotes how the artist is fond of the hotter weather and the Summer time in the city. Though, this lyric connotes that she wants everyone to feel happy being themselves and reflecting who they are and also being proud of it. This can help to reflect a slight concept to the video also as this is the message that is being portrayed here - to be yourself and be proud of it. Likewise with a lyric that shortly follows 'I like it in the city when two worlds collide' which reflects how the artist likes peace and doesn't like the idea of conflict. This is comforting for the audience as it is as though the artist is assuring them the confidence they may need to be themselves. It encourages them to act in way that is true to them and genuinely represents themselves. This is fairly conventional to the genre of soul because they can often give advice and confidence to others but ironically lack it within themselves as they mostly demonstrate a lot of insecurity. The audience feel obliged to reflect the advice back onto artist as it makes them feel empathetic towards them. The lyric 'shows that we are united' also welcomes the audience into being involved with the artist and reflects the message that at the end of the day, we are all the same and we are all able to unite in some way because of this. Because of this, the audience feel satisfied and positive in the way that they feel as if the artist is making a more personal reference to them. Targeting the audience is achieved through the help of the annotations we have made. The overall theme throughout making reference to the artist's hometown makes it more relatable across a wider audience. From young generations to old, they can relate because everyone has a hometown, most of which people are fond of and have attached dear memories to them. The fact that this hometown is in London makes it familiar with most people here meaning that they can relate. Having the song not be based around a conventional love story/breakup means that more younger generations can relate and connect to the artist as they would have more likely felt how the artist expresses here, rather than how they would in a love story/breakup themed song. This wide audience range makes it difficult to satisfy all due to the diversity between the audience members, however, the mix of positivity and negativity reflected through the lyrics means that there is a connection to be made that could satisfy everyone.

We will use our annotations in a way to start storyboarding our music video in detail from the points that have been outlined to use particular ideas. For example, by annotating the lyrics and looking over the annotations in which we have made, it is clear which points in the song change in terms of mood for example (the middle 8) and change in terms of content. The second verse is very prominently going to reflect more narrative scenes whereas the rest of the song will have a more one sided balance of performance scenes in order to reflect what is going on with the lyrics and achieve the emotion that is being intendedly displayed. The annotations have helped us think about the way in which we can also represent the artist and in more unique ways rather than just simply facial expressions. We are now able to note that we can use a black and white filter to represent the reflecting of past and also the negative feelings that the artist has. Fast-paced editing is another example of what can be used to display particular ideas that may not originally been initial, like the hectic lifestyle of the artist. With the storyboard, we can now note specific points in which we want to make a change of setting or lighting for example, which will help compliment the lyrics presently being sung at the time.

Planning Editing Styles - Miss Miller

Within a music video, it is essential to include a variety of editing styles to ensure that interest is upheld throughout. This enables the audience to stay engaged and intrigued in what they are watching, also keeping the attention obtained all the way through. Particular editing styles can also help portray an intended emotion, for example a black and white filter can reflect a negative, sombre tone or atmosphere or alternatively, it could symbolise events from/reflecting of the past. Editing ensures that the video makes sense and flows in a way in which the audience can follow and understand. Using a variety of editing techniques prevents the flow of clips from becoming repetitive and uninteresting as variation is applied to the video in a way that prevents attention being taken away from the content. Other editing styles such as jump cut or montage can help to emphasise a particular image(s) as they tend to highlight their presence within the scene. The audience are able to acknowledge this outlining and further understand reasoning as for why something has specifically been reinforced. We have discussed 4 different editing styles that we will be using within our music video - each being fairly different in order to create variation.

Within our music video we will frequently use a black and white filter in the performance scenes. This helps to illustrate that the artist is unhappy during these particular scenes which show her in the present day. Typically, a black and white filter is used to help reflect the past, however, we want to represent the artist in such a way that portrays her as feeling negative and we have found that by using a black and white filter on these particular performance scenes, we are able to achieve this. The monotone nature of the black and white filter results in quite a bland influence on the scene. The lack of resplendent colour symbolises the lack of positivity and goodness within the artist's life at this time. Therefore, this influences the emotion of the scene and represents the artist in a particular depressing and negative way - a representation that we intend to create. By only applying the filter to the performance scenes, a clear contrast is created between those and the narrative ones. During the narrative scenes, the artist is portrayed happily hanging out with their friends when they were younger, which is not only visually contrasting but also in the emotion side to the artist. The black and white filter will be applied to the performance scenes which are when the artist is playing the piano and also when the artist is performing on stage. The use of the black and white filter is conventional to the genre of soul as it is still used to reflect past as it contrasts with the past narrative shots and therefore, even though not in the typical way of demonstrating it, it still does as it shows how happy the artist was in her past. It also creates a sombre mood and atmosphere to the scenes in which the filter is applied, which is conventionally used in soul genre videos in order to create the same effect. The emotion of the artist is mirrored in the filter and this negative, sad emotion is the generally most favourably one used by the artist in soul genre music videos. The black and white filter helps to represent the artist as being depressed, sad and generally negative about the life they lead and the emotion in which they are expressing. Their outlook on life is represented as lacking positivity in any form and also a lacking of hope in which they seek. 


Another editing technique in which we will use in our video is overlapping/layering of shots. This technique will be used to help interlink the different style scenes of the music video as contrasting scenes will be overlapped. For example, we will use this effect to overlap the shots of London streets with the artist performing on the piano and stage which will reflect the success of the artist. Also, it mirrors the complex life of the artist - especially as the london shots will be fast-pace edited. Having these shots overlapped and merged on-top of each other symbolises how the influence of London and fame is having a complex influence on the life of the artist. This editing effect will also be used on the shots of the artist with her friends when she was younger and the performance ones also. This will help to display and emphasise the contrast in emotions that the artist is expressing, demonstrating how much happier she was perceived as being when she was younger. The use of the overlapping of shots isn't necessarily common and conventional within the soul genre, however, it reflects the past in the way in which we are using it which does make it conventional. Most soul genre songs have much underlying emotion and along with the reflection of the past, the editing technique helps to display how the artist is reminiscing on when she was younger and happier. The layering nature of the shots also mirrors the layering and thickening amount of emotions that the artist feels, as well as the extent of them, and so this builds a relationship with the audience as they are able to witness these thoughts at the same time. It also helps us to merge different colours within the video for example, the performance scenes contrast with the narrative scenes in terms of colour and lighting also. This allows us to represent the artist in a particular way. The general representation of the artist that we want to create is associating them with being nostalgic of their childhood. By using this editing technique we are able to demonstrate the artist's feelings and how they are reminiscing on the past which represents them as being quite emotional. As well as this, it causes them to also be represented as attached, as although the past is now gone, she still thinks about it and in a positive way.

Fast timing of shots is a further editing technique that we will be including within our music video. We will be using this on the London scenes to make the city appear to be moving quickly and so, cars, buses, bikes etc will be moving in a fast motion. The reason in which we have chosen to apply the technique to these shots is because it helps to demonstrate the complexity of the artist's life in the present day. As well as this, it further symbolises the quick rise of the artist's fame. The editing technique allows the intricate detail of the scene to be lacked however, it still enables you to see what is going on. This makes it unconventional as a slower timing of shots is more conventional as it is more raw, exposed and demonstrates more detail. However, we're using these edited shots to overlap the normal time ones and so, it won't be going too against the conventions of soul. The fact we are also not using them on the artist performance shots makes it slightly more conventional because if we were to use it on these shots, it would be difficult for the audience to retrieve the emotion in which the artist is expressing. This would be because the fast-paced nature of the technique doesn't allow enough time for the audience to acknowledge the expressed emotion, therefore, this is why we have not chosen to do it on these particular shots. The technique helps to represent the artist as having a hectic lifestyle that has been achieved in a short period of time. It illustrates how much her life has changed since when she was younger, especially as some of the narrative shots of the artist and her friends would have been edited to be timed slower. Because of this vast contrast, it helps to emphasise the hectic lifestyle of the artist and represents them as busy and successful - especially as the shots are of London, which is the capital city and artist's associated with this location are seen as being more successful as they are likely to be more famous than others in low-key small towns.  

A fourth editing technique in which we will be using in our music video is slow timing of shots. This will be used throughout the video in the narrative shots with the artist and their friends and also the performance shots on stage, as well as the artist performing in London. This editing technique allows the more intricate detail of the shots to be captured which enables the emotion that the artist expresses to be perceived a lot more accurately and makes it more easily readable and understandable for the audience. It also allows us to manipulate the technique and develop it in a unique way rather than just simply slowing down a clip. For example, we will be doing this in our video through the way that we will record the artist performing to the camera in London to the track that would have been sped up. When it comes to editing, we will slow down the clip until it reaches a point where it is in time with the original timing of the track. By doing this, it makes the scene quirky and different in the way that the artist is shown to be miming in normal time, however, what is around them is slower than normal speed and acts in a way as if the clip was just simply slowed down. This reflects the way in which the artist feels that nothing is changing in their life and that they feel exempt and different from everyone else around them. This demonstrates a lacking in connection with others around her at this time in her life and so, lack of sociability can lead to depression and sadness, as well as being linked to lacking quality of life - reflected in the way the artist feels. The more simple slow timing of shots in which we will be using is simply slowing down the clips, will be used also throughout including during the narrative scenes where the artist is seen with her friends when they were younger and supposedly in their hometown. The slow timing of shots will take place during the laughing in these scenes and any signs of happiness reflected from the artist. By slowing this down, it emphasises the emotion that is being expressed and further reinforces how much happier the artist was back then before they became famous. This type of editing is conventional to the genre of soul because in soul genre music there is a lot of emotion that needs to be portrayed to the audience, due to the fact that the basis of most of the songs are related to personal experiences. By ensuring that the artist can reflect this emotion across in a clear and accurate way, the audience can feel connected to the artist as they are more likely to feel empathetic towards them. The slow timing of shots allows this to happen as the audience are able to focus more on what is going on in the scene and take more notice of the emotions that are being illustrated. This editing technique helps to represent the artist as overall feeling negative about their life how it is now and makes them feel like an 'outsider' as opposed to other people. They feel like they are going at a different pace to others and that other people don't take notice of her as in some of the London slow-timed shots, the people are seen to be just walking past the artist, demonstrating no acknowledgement of her presence within the scene. She therefore is represented as sad, depressed and negative as a summary, and the slow timing of shots emphasises this representation. 

The target audience are able to build a relationship with our artist through the editing styles in which we have specifically selected. This is through the way they help to reflect different emotions or thoughts and feelings of the artist that may not have been initial without the inout of using these particular techniques. For example, the slow timing of shots helps to emphasise the emotion of the artist whilst the layering of shots illustrates the build up and capacity of feelings in which the artist has. By using techniques such as these, the audience are able to understand and connect with the artist more as they feel that the artist is being more open with them, allowing them to understand the emotions being exposed. The general emotion that the audience can retrieve from the artist is a negative one and so, the audience also feel sympathetic towards the artist. Due to the fact that soul genre songs are based on personal experiences, it makes the artist more relatable to the audience as some situations may reflect similarity within particular audience members. The way in which the editing techniques that we have chosen emphasise these makes it further relatable to the audience as it also symbolises the intense impact it would have had on the artist as well as the audience. Therefore, this makes them feel more connected to the artist and allows a relationship to be created between them and the audience. This planning of editing styles has also helped me ensure that my music video is successful as it helps to illustrate what particular emotions need to be emphasised or reflects where interest is needed to be upheld. It lays out the options of which we will use and where, which, when it comes to editing will save time and ensure that we can use the editing techniques in the appropriate places in order to create the intended effects.